Find anything from this website using our "Quick Finder" option at the bottom of this page or click here.
Developmental milestones-9 to 11 years
Physical development
- Adolescent growth spurt begins 2 years earlier for girls than for boys
- Gross motor skills of running, jumping, throwing, catching, kicking, batting, and dribbling are executed more quickly and with better coordination
- Reaction time improves, contributing to motor skill development
- Representation of depth in drawings expands
Cognitive development
- Logical thought remains tied to concrete situations until the end of middle childhood
- Piagetian tasks continue to be mastered in a stepby- step fashion
- Planning improves
- Memory strategies of rehearsal and organization become more effective
- Applies several memory strategies at once
- Memory strategy of elaboration appears
- Long-term knowledge base grows larger and becomes better organized
- Cognitive self-regulation improves
Social and emotional development
- Self-esteem tends to rise
- Distinguishes ability, effort, and luck in attributions for success and failure
- Has an adaptive set of strategies for regulating emotion
- Can “step into another’s shoes” and view the self from that person’s perspective
- Later, can view the relationship between self and other from the perspective of a third, impartial party
- Appreciates the linkage between moral rules and social conventions
- Grasp of a unique domain of personal matters strengthens
- Peer groups emerge
- Friendships are based on mutual trust
- Becomes aware of more gender stereotypes, including personality traits and school subjects, but has a more flexible appreciation of what males and females can do
- Sibling rivalry tends to increase
Language development
- Word definitions emphasize synonyms and categorical relations
- Grasps double meanings of words, as reflected in comprehension of metaphors and humor
- Understanding of complex grammatical constructions improves
- Adapts messages to the needs of listeners in complex communicative situations
- Narratives about the past become longer and more complex
- Conversational strategies become more refined
| Quick Finder: |